An Analysis of the Ttitude of People towards Prevention and Control of Dengue in District Bhakkar Punjab Pakistan

Dengue fever took hundreds of precious lives in the last two years in Pakistan in general and Punjab province in particular, which is caused by infection from a virus namely Flavi virus and this disease is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, rarely the Aedes albopictus. This study was conducted to analyze the attitude of people towards prevention and control of Dengue in District Bhakkar of Punjab Province of Pakistan. The study has found that poor awareness of the people and ignorance is the major reason besides government failure to educate people and to take preventive measures ahead of the breeding of mosquito Aedes aegypti, the Aedes albopictus especially after rainy season during summer. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data, which was feeded to SPSS 16 for data analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for reliability analysis. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done to find the fact. ?2 test was used to test the hypotheses on ordinal scale for environmental, personal and chemical control as major variables of the study. There was no difference of attitude between literate and illiterate people towards environmental control. The study further identified that literate were more aware about the environmental and personal control then the illiterate, but both having no information regarding chemical control, however, people living in cities were more aware about the environmental and personal control yet, they know how to use chemicals for control of Dengue. The study concludes that government must take measures ahead of dengue season by educating the people through intensive awareness campaign to control environmental contamination besides use of chemicals to prevent the breeding of dengue as an epidemic to save the precious lives. Keywords: Dengue Fever, Environmental Control, Personal Control, and Chemical Control

Relationship between Work-Life Balance & Organizational Commitment

The demand for work-life balance solutions by employees and managers is expending at unprecedented way. As a result, work-life balance becomes a hot topic of discussion among the research community. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work-life balance and organizational commitment, in SANGI Foundation, Pakistan. A survey design was used. The sample (N=96) consisted of top management (n=7), professionals (62) and support staff (n=27). The result shows that significant relationship exists between work-life balance and organizational commitment in SANGI Foundation, Pakistan. The study finds no association of work-life balance with marital status, and gender, hence Null hypothesis was rejected, however, result hypotheses 4 find significant relationship between organizational commitments of professionals with support staff. Key words: Organizational commitment, Work-life balance, Gender, Marital status, Designation

Impact of Fiber Duplication on Protection Architectures Feasibility for Passive Optical Networks

Adaptability of high capacity passive optical network (PON) requires the provision of an efficient fault detection and restoration mechanism throughout the network at an acceptable cost. The readily adapted pre-planned protection strategy relies on component duplication, which significantly increases the cost of deployment for PON. Therefore, it is imperative to determine a suitable component that requires high redundancy and determine the impact of protection for that component on feasibility of PON. Five protection architecture including ITU-T 983.1 Type C, single ring, dual ring, tree- and ring-based architectures with hybrid star-ring topology at the optical distribution network (ODN), are considered to evaluate the impact of fiber duplication in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX), operation expenditure (OPEX), reliability, and support for maximum number of subscribers. Reliability block diagram (RBD) based analysis shows that desirable 5 nines connection availability is provided by each protection architecture and utilization of ring topology avoids duplication of the fiber but effects the number of subscribers. Furthermore, it is observed that OF duplication at ODN is the main contributor to CAPEX. Collectively hybrid protection architectures provide efficient performance and proves to be a feasible solution for the deployment of survivable PONs at the access domain

Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions

Relationships have diverse categories and have different significances and implications. Among different connections existing in this word, there is a very influencing connection that survives between a SURVQUAL model and its importance in service providing sector. This study is carried out on nearly 200 students of Gomal University DIKhan of Pakistan to find out Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in education sector. We have two variables in this research dependent and independent in dependent there is the customer satisfaction while in independent there is responsiveness, reliability, assurance, Empathy, tangibility The Pearson correlation and regression was applied on data, and results exposed a positive and a significant relationship between the variables. This study found is significant relationship between the tangibility and assurance as the sample population of the study considers them important for improvement of service quality in universities. Hence, it is not only the bookish knowledge to which the students of the education institutions pay attention, rather there are also other factors on which student take more care before making a decision for enrolment in any university

Design and Analysis of Self-Healing Tree-Based Hybrid Spectral Amplitude Coding OCDMA System

This paper presents an efficient tree-based hybrid spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system that is able to provide high capacity transmission along with fault detection and restoration throughout the passive optical network (PON). Enhanced multidiagonal (EMD) code is adapted to elevate system’s performance, which negates multiple access interference and associated phase induced intensity noise through efficient two-matrix structure. Moreover, system connection availability is enhanced through an efficient protection architecture with tree and star-ring topology at the feeder and distribution level, respectively. The proposed hybrid architecture aims to provide seamless transmission of information at minimum cost. Mathematical model based on Gaussian approximation is developed to analyze performance of the proposed setup, followed by simulation analysis for validation. It is observed that the proposed system supports 64 subscribers, operating at the data rates of 2.5 Gbps and above. Moreover, survivability and cost analysis in comparison with existing schemes show that the proposed tree-based hybrid SAC-OCDMA system provides the required redundancy at minimum cost of infrastructure and operation

Assessing the Impact of Job Involvement and Commitment on Organizational Productivity in the Arab/Gulf Countries

The relationship between job involvement, organizational commitment and productivity/ performance is well studied concept in western organizational literature because organizational commitment and job involvement are crucial factors having direct effect over organizational performance. It is generally assumed that since workers with high organizational commitment and job involvement are usually highly satisfied with their organization and job, hence puts extra efforts to perform better in the organization which ultimately leads to organizational efficiency. Despite given importance to the said constructs, limited studies have been conducted in developing countries and especially in Arab/Gulf countries. The proposed study was designed to assess the effects of job involvement and workers commitment on organizational performance in Middle East countries. Findings of the study reveal significant positive relationship between job involvements, employee’s commitment and organizational productivity. The study concludes clearly indicate that organizations with high job involvement and employees’ commitment are performing well than organizations with little job involvement and low employees’ commitment. Keywords: Job involvement, organizational commitment and organizational productivity/ performanc

A framework for low power and architectural design space exploration based on high-level synthesis

This thesis is an effort in the area of electronic design automation applied to system-level modeling of embedded systems using high-level synthesis (HLS). We have investigated two research areas. The first area of research is application oriented and targets the FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) algorithm for the stereo vision system, using high-level synthesis. We wanted to explore if such a design with moderate complexity was suitable for HLS or not. High-level synthesis offers several advantages over the traditional design flow start at the Register Transfer Level (RTL), such as faster simulation run-time and better design re-use, thanks to the higher level of abstraction. We also wanted to compare the quality of results, flexibility and design time that we achieved using both HLS and manual RTL design. The use of HLS is particularly promising because the automotive industry is very sensitive to production costs; hence it requires various implementations of the same algorithm, with very different resolutions, costs, and performance levels, for different target market segments. The second research activity presents a novel low-power design methodology based on HLS and targets the ASIC implementation flow. As far as functional description of hardware is concerned, it has evolved to the extent that model-based design approaches using automated HLS flows have gained popularity within the design community. However, it is still a significant challenge for chip architects and designers to describe low-power design decisions at the system level. Nowadays, low power design techniques for digital blocks are applied at RTL and there exists no commercial tool or methodology that can automatically derive the power intent from the system level description. The process requires considerable amount of human intervention and various lower-level details that are needed to implement low power schemes at RTL. This research aims to integrate low power techniques, specifically Power Shut-Off (PSO), within a model based hardware flow and to derive an automated Low Power-High Level Synthesis (LP-HLS) methodology. The methodology aims at minimizing the design effort for low power design by deriving low-level power intent automatically for model-based designs, while using high level synthesis to achieve a broad set of target system implementations. LP-HLS uses set of pragmas and a directive file to derive power intent information. To illustrate the methodology, three model designs, ranging from simple designs to medium complexity hardware accelerators, are considered. Finally, the power saving results for the design scenarios validate the effectiveness of our LP-HLS methodology